The Mount - Carol Emshwiller

I read Carol Emshwiller's The Secret City last year as part of a reading challenge. It's an interesting little novel and one of the better ones I've read in 2013. After reading it I wondered what Emshwiller could do in the short format, as her style seems more suited to that. I was planning on reading a collection by her this year but somehow ended up with a copy of her novel The Mount instead. It was published in 2002 and won the Philip K. Dick Award that year, beating, among others, China Miéville's impressive Bas-Lag novel The Scar. The Mount is quite a different story than the one told in The Secret City but both are fascinating reads.

The Mount is the story of Charley, a boy nearing adolescence who is bred and brought up as a mount for a race of aliens. The Hoots, as they are referred to are intellectually superior to humans but, although endowed with formidably strong hands, are incapable of walking any significant distance. Instead they rely on their mounts to get around, which they control with their hands. Humans are ideal for the task. Smart enough to be trained, just the right size, endowed with strong legs and capable of understanding the threat posed by the hands of their riders around their necks. Charley doesn't need to be threatened though. He wants to be a good mount. Until, that is, wild humans raid his settlement and he comes into contact with his father and a different way of life.

Emshwiller does a number of very interesting things in this novel. She has stated that she was originally inspired by a class she'd taken in the psychology of pray animals versus predators. The Mount turns these rolls around with the prey eventually enslaving the predator. There are lots of little signs of the origins of the Hoot as prey. Most notably their tendency to seek out small enclosed spaces to hide for shelter. I'm not entirely sure how much sense this makes biologically speaking but in the story it makes Hoots and their response to danger quite unique. Their control often seems tenuous at best, although Charley doesn't seem to think so, and is mostly based on the image of benevolence and superiority. When it comes to physical violence they are only dangerous in very specific situations.

We see almost the entire story through Charley's eyes and over the course of the novel his view of the world changes drastically. In the early stages of the novel he just wants to be a good mount and has a close relationship with his master. He wants to please and he wants his master to take good care of him. In fact the devotion he shows to his master gave me the creeps in the opening chapters of the novel. It would have been easy to have him radically change his mind when he is exposed to freedom for the first time but Emshwiller takes her characters down a different path. His conditioning doesn't break easily and his relationship with his master remains strong. Charley is torn between wanting to make his own choices and being protected by his master. Eventually the slave/master relationship shifts into something harder to define.

Many readers will be so used to their freedom that they'll find it hard to imagine how Charley might not be all that interested. The wild humans he is first exposed to are to be pitied in his opinion. Their lives are misery, devoid of even the smallest of comforts. Charley wonders why they would want to live this way when they can have the Hoots take care of them. It's a naive view from a young boy who hasn't seen the full extent of the treatment humans get from the Hoots. It clashes so violently with the freedom western society takes for granted that many readers will have a hard time swallowing it. I thought it was a brilliant bit of writing however. Emshwiller shows us Charley's level of maturity and challenges the reader to think of oppression and the psychology of the oppressed in one move.

Like The Secret City the story is told in fairly straightforward language but it makes the reader work to get the full picture nevertheless. Charley's views are often childish but portrayed in such a way that the reader can get more meaning out of it than Charley does himself. His Hoot master, although in a similar state of development himself, is usually a few steps ahead of him but puts things into an alien framework. Another important character in the novel, Charley's father, has problems expressing himself in clear language. His body language and the way he vents his frustration are an important part of how he communicates with Charley and the reader. All these very limited views combined can be interpreted in a number of ways, making the book deceptively challenging. It's one of those books that rewards the reader for looking beyond the superficial and diving into the characters.

The Mount is clearly a science fiction novel but the focus is very much on psychology. The alien invasion is not the center of the story, there are no epic space battles or explorations of strange alien cultures. Readers looking for that type of science fiction will be disappointed. The novel is something of an allegory for slavery or oppression and can be interpreted or applied to many different situations. Some reviewers have suggested it comments on the way we treat animals ourselves for instance and, although I don't think that was Emshwiller's intent, it fits well enough. It's a very effective text really, I'm impressed with how much Emshwiller has packed into such a short novel. It is challenging the reader's convictions about freedom and oppression and invites them to pick the characters brains to understand their motivations. I'm pretty sure I haven't gotten all out of this novel yet after one reading. I'm going to have to revisit it in a few years.

Book Details
Title: The Mount
Author: Carol Emshwiller
Publisher: Small Beer Press
Pages: 232
Year: 2002
Language: English
Format: Paperback
ISBN: 1-931520-03-8
First published: 2002

Fountain of Age - Nancy Kress

I ordered a copy of Nancy Kress' latest collection as a present for my girlfriend. She has recently read an enjoyed Nano Comes to Clifford Falls and Other Stories (2008) so this one seemed like something she would like. I am a fan of Kress myself, especially a her short work, so I borrowed it from her during my recent visit to Norway. Fountain of Age contains nine pieces of short fiction, all published between 2007 and 2009. Five stories appeared in Asimov's, two in Jim Baen's Universe, one in Fantasy Magazine and the final story is originally part of the anthology Fast Forward 2, edited by Lou Anders. Kress won a Hugo award with the first story in the collection and got a Nebula for the last one. In short, I was expecting some good science fiction when I opened the book and I wasn't disappointed.

This review is very spoilerish, you have been warned.

Stories of Your Life and Others - Ted Chiang

Ted Chiang is an author who clearly puts quality over quantity. Since the publication of his first story, Tower of Babylon, in 1990 only eleven more of his stories have been published, none exceeding novella length. Stories of Your Life and Others contains all of his output between 1990 and 2002, when the original version of the collection was published by Tor. Chiang was not happy with the way Tor treated his work however. He felt he was rushed on the final story in the collection, a previously unpublished piece called Liking What You See: A Documentary and didn't like the cover art. I don't particularly dislike the original cover but I must admit the cover of the Small Beer Press edition, which Chiang commissioned himself, is a fine piece of art. The collection is packed with award-winning material. The eight stories won an incredible three Nebula's, a Hugo, a Theodore Sturgeon Memorial Award, a Sidewise Award and Locus Award. The collection itself won a Locus as well. People must really like his work and I happen to agree with them.

Warning: I am not holding back on spoilers of this one.

The collection opens with Towers of Babylon (1990) is a retelling of the biblical tale included in the Book of Genesis. For generations people have been trying to get literally closer to God by building a tower that will reach heaven. Chiang examines this story from the point of view of the men who are hired to break through the vault of heaven. Chiang describes the final stages in constructing this miracle of engineering. It's a tale that could be as easily called fantastic as science fiction and one of a number of stories that have a religious theme to them. It reminded me most of the Exhalation (2007), a story not included in this collection, for it's mechanical world view. The end is not entirely unexpected, the reason why I think it is one of the lesser stories in the collection, but it is still a well-written and interesting tale.

Understand (1991) is the second story of the collection (it can be read online here). The main character is undergoing experimental treatment for severe brain trauma. The new drug restores his brain but it doesn't stop at just repairing damage. A noticeable increase in his intelligence is the result. So what if he took another dose? Chang sets himself a real challenge here. The main character's intelligence reaches frightening heights as the story progresses. He does a marvellous job of keeping it understandable to for the reader anyway. What struck me most about this story is the tragic ending. The way the eventual confrontation between two hyper-intelligent people plays out and their ultimate conclusion that their goals are not compatible are certainly food for thought. Each of them so confident in their abilities and the unshakable foundations of their insight that neither is willing to give way. Meeting someone who truly understands their insights is not a humbling or inspiring experience but a challenge and a threat. Did their experiences hiding from the authorities induce this mistrust? Would leaving them a choice besides running have lead to a different outcome?

The collection moves on to Division by Zero (1991), a story about mathematics and suicide (among other things). This story is also available online. What if you worked all your life as a mathematician, only to find out that it is possible to prove that any number is equal to any other number, or to put it in other words that arithmetic itself is inconsistent. Shit! Chiang describes the psychological effect the discovery has on mathematician Renee. He partly shows it to us form the perspective of her husband Carl. Someone to keep an eye on in this story. It is not as obvious as with Renee but there is a profound change taking place in his character. One of the things I particularly like about this story is the way Chiang switches between often quite emotionally charged scenes with Renee and Carl and short bit of text that show us how much trouble division by zero can be in mathematics and what it takes to find a proof of something as intuitively obvious as 1+1=2.

The fourth story in the collection is the one that gave it its name. Story of Your Life (1998) is probably the strongest piece in the collection. Chiang does so many interesting things with this 50 page text that I don't even know where to begin. At first glance it appears to be a first contact story. An alien race referred to as Heptapods land in various locations on earth. While the earth is holding its breath, The aliens seem happy just to wait and observe. That is not in humanity's nature however. Quickly scientists are summoned to try and communicate with them. One of them is linguist Louise Banks. Together with physicist Gary Donnely she tries to figure out a way to communicate with the Heptapods.

Linguistics is at the heart of the story. If it was the spoken language she was trying to learn, I'd say that what happens to Louise is an extreme version of the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis, the idea that language affects the way people think. The Heptapods' language takes a more holistic approach than we're used to. Instead of cause and effect they perceive an action as a whole and as a consequence know both the initial condition and outcome before it is initiated. Chiang slowly develops this idea over the course of the story until the full impact of what Louise has learnt hits the reader. When it does, a second layer of the story, the sections written to her daughter in the future tense, fall into place. She knows and yet is willing to initiate the action. Would you be willing to go through with it, knowing so much heartache lay ahead? This story is a marvel of pacing. One of the best pieces of short fiction I have ever read.

Seventy-Two Letters, the fifth story (it can be read here) in the collection is quite a different piece. It has an steampunkish atmosphere to it. The story is set in Victorian London where kabbalism and strange science are practised and where the true name of objects can animate them to an extent. I didn't think it was the most exciting story in the collection but I loved the way Chiang works in some of the prejudice of those days into the story as well as the references to the Luddites and to the belief that a sperm contained a fully formed human. The author picked some strange elements to build this particular tale.

Chaing, to date, has published two of his short stories in Nature. This collection contains one of them: The Evolution of Human Science. The premise of this story is somewhat disturbing. He imagines a future in which humanity has been intellectually outpaced by meta-humans. It has been decades since a human has been able to contribute any original research. It's a very short work, four pages, and I am not quite sure what to make of it. Perhaps a comment on the development that it takes a lifetime of dedicated study to be able to keep up with even a small sub field in one of the sciences?

Like the opening story, Hell is the Absence of God has a distinct religious theme. Angels visit the earth regularly performing miracles but also killing people in the process. People who can then be seen to either descend to hell or rise to heaven. Hell is not the inferno Dante described but rather a place where the influence of God is completely absent. This not a deterrent for everyone and there are quite a few people are not overly religious. Neil Fisk is one of them but after his wife Sarah is killed in a visitation and ascends to heaven, the only way to be reunited with her is by getting into God's good graces. It's a tragedy really, God doesn't turn out to be a nice guy. But then, Neil is not a model believer either. There are some interesting ideas on God and what hell might be in this story, ideas that could probably provoke a strong reaction in the truly religious. I'm not one of those people however. Although it is a well written story it didn't have quite the impact on me other pieces in this collection have.

The final story is Liking What You See: A Documentary. It is the only one original to this collection and the one Chiang felt he was being rushed on. He even turned down a Hugo nomination for it because it didn't turn out the way he wanted. I have no idea what Chiang would have liked to change about the story but I think it is one of the strongest pieces in this collection. It deals with beauty and people's reaction to it. It has long been known that beautiful people are better liked, more successful, earn higher salaries etc. What if there was a procedure that would shut down this response to a pretty face in brain? What would children growing up being able to see beauty but without the instant reaction to it grow up like?

Liking What You See: A Documentary explores this question in a series of interviews with people who are in some way involved in a vote on a university to make this treatment called calliagnosia mandatory for all students. The thoughts of first year student Tamera Lyons, a girl grown up with calliagnosia, are the backbone of the story. She's curious to find out what the world looks like without part of her brain disconnected but clearly a lot of people see the benefits. The statements of various people involved, are brief and to the point, sketching in a few lines the basic position of the speaker. The statements are political, theological, philosophical or just very personal and the entire story carries an undercurrent of economic interests. The procedure is almost without side-effects, something that seems a bit unlikely to me. It does not suppress sexual attraction between people for instance, or make the patient completely unaware of beauty. I guess it is the author's way of keeping us focussed on the dilemma the treatment causes. Everybody intellectually knows we respond to beauty and that the choices we make because of it are not always wise or fair and that is is responsible for some deep wounds in the psyche of people who don't come close the the ideal. On the other hand, would you really want to go without that? And would you accept someone deciding for you in this matter?

Stories of Your Life and Others contains a number of amazing stories. Chiang has filled this collection with intelligent, multi-layered and thought-provoking stories. The truckload of awards these stories gathered should have been some indication, they can't all be wrong, but it still impressed me mightily. It's a collection any fan of science fiction or short fiction in general ought to read. The stories are polished to perfection by the author. Chiang produces stories to be cherished. I'd be tempted to say I wish he'd write more, but if I look at the gems he produces writing one story every other year or so, I would not care to rush him.

Book Details
Title: Stories of Your Life and Others
Author: Ted Chiang
Publisher: Small Beer Press
Pages: 281
Year: 2010
Language: English
Format: Paperback
ISBN: 978-193152072-0
First published: 2002